Wednesday, September 2, 2020
The concept of fairness Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
The idea of reasonableness - Movie Review Example Lavoie portrays a circumstance when he asked an educator whether she would have invested some energy disclosing data by and by to the kid with handicaps and she addressed that she wouldnââ¬â¢t have done that, since it would have been out of line in regards to other kids. Subsequently, Lavoie says that she wasn't right in her meaning of decency. Along these lines when a kid with learning incapacities gets a similar treatment as other youngsters, the way that educator treats all the kids a similar route is by all accounts uncalled for and even hostile for the kid. Consequently, it would be reasonable if the kid with handicaps got exceptional treatment, despite the fact that it might require some investment of gaining from other youngsters. He asserts that this idea is significant in light of the fact that the primary rule as per which youngsters learn is that they take in not from what instructors let them know however they gain from what educators (and guardians) do. Henceforth, La voie says that an educator may state that he should treat the youngster with learning inabilities in some extraordinary manner, since it is out of line in regards to other kids. Be that as it may, kids see reasonable goes about as those that fulfill the requirements of every single individual, so they for sure would comprehend why the kid with inabilities gets unique treatment. Along these lines Lavoie advices guardians to be reasonable in this extremely meaning. To the extent kids gain from what guardians do, not state, they need to carry on as per what they advise their kids to do. For instance, if guardians advise their youngster not to lie and the following second they lie themselves.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Economics Essay
Neediness can be estimated on various scales through numerous ways like through a Lorenz bend, a chart of the total dissemination capacity of a likelihood dispersion which is utilized in speaking to pay circulation. Lorenz bend shows dispersion of benefits and is viewed as a proportion of social imbalance. Gini coefficient can likewise be utilized in estimating destitution. Gini coefficient estimates factual scattering and is generally utilized in estimating disparity of salary dispersion. High Gini coefficient implies or shows that there is high inconsistent appropriation watched while a lower Gini coefficient demonstrates that there is a high equivalent pay conveyance. Exchange benefits a country from multiple points of view. In the law of near bit of leeway accomplices are permitted to profit by spend significant time in delivering administrations and products they make best. At the point when makers make products in which they are equivalently talented or prepared at, those merchandise increment in quality and number. Exchange additionally improves appropriateness in designation of assets. It carries merchandise and enterprises to other people who esteem them. Exchange permits customers to have progressively effective creation techniques. Enormous creations are acceptable in diminishing item costs. Lower creation expenses may prompt a lot less expensive administrations and products which may build expectations for everyday comforts. Human capital, one of the components of creation which alludes to the hold of specialized information and gainful aptitudes found in labor. It is one of the components which impact a financial framework like in advertise economy. A guide to this is the market economy in the U. S. in which laborers obtain information and aptitudes. Preparing and training builds human capital which make the specialist all the more valuable to their bosses. Today, programming designers and software engineers are sought after making them increasingly prepared and gifted coming about to a high human capital and this thusly may profit the financial framework that the U. S. has.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Judith Lorbers The Social Construction of Gender Essay -- Socializati
Judith Lorber can pass on a considerable lot of her goals about our contemporary originations of sexual orientation in her exposition, ?The Social Construction of Gender.? Not exclusively does she obviously communicate her feelings on the jobs of physiological contrasts of the male and female bodies, yet she additionally expounds on the jobs of the broad communications and pro athletics in addition to other things. It quickly turns out to be certain that there are many authentic contentions that help this development for close or complete equity in sexual orientations and the jobs that they perform. Obviously, society has been made around two separate classes or sexual orientations: people. Lorber contends that a lot of what we consider to be sexual orientation has no put in the normal request of the things. She can start her contention by refering to that sex has regularly been a strict making of man by and large, for example, those of bisexuals. Should a child be brought into the world with attributes that don't completely speak to the male or the female sexual orientation, a specialist will pass judgment on the infant dependent on the size and state of its gentiles, and afterward change him/her into either. Despite the fact that there are further developed procedures utilized in this procedure today, this illustrates the self-assertive implications of sex. Lorber holds a large number of indistinguishable perspectives from the normal women's activist and that's only the tip of the iceberg. She concurs with the view that sexes are simply a ?social overlay? furthermore, is abusive to females. In spite of the fact that she doesn't debate the way that there are numerous distinctions in physical, scholarly, and enthusiastic attributes among people, Lorber claims that these distinctions are socially insignificant until social practices change them into social realities.? (Lorber, Page 40) These incorporate most exercises from professio... ...ation of individuals by their standards of conduct and their physical or mental aptitudes and weaknesses as opposed to sexual orientation alone. In spite of the fact that this barely appears to be a possible arrangement with the condition of contemporary society, it seems to settle the absolute most profound established issues of sexual orientation imbalance. Larry Gross can offer some understanding into obstruction of this culture by proposing the help and development of media that both created by and focused on explicit sexes and sexual minorities. Despite the fact that such changes are as of now occurring in the media today, it will without a doubt by a long while before these objectives are acknowledged in size looked for after by Gross. In spite of the fact that both of these creators present potential progressions for their beliefs, they are genuinely facing ground-breaking restriction and are not prone to see their ideal changes whenever sooner rather than later.
Friday, June 5, 2020
Personality and Psychological Disorders - 1375 Words
Personality and Psychological Disorders (Essay Sample) Content: Personality and Psychological Disorders University Subject code: Lecturerââ¬â¢s Name Student ID Date submitted The case of Jessica demonstrates an individual with a number of strengths and who has shown resilience despite her current condition. It is clear that Jessica struggles with major depressive disorder. During her college period, Jessica was hardworking individual, and it is demonstrated by her ability to achieve top honors in her studiesââ¬âboth in medical and college schools. This was followed by a major depressive disorder that affected her normal functioning in work and social life. She exhibits an extreme loss of psychological control, which is the hallmark of this disorder. Jessica often reports unusual fatigue, and this has hampered her working capabilities. Milton and Milton (2004) purport that individuals having major depressive disorder often loss energy, and they end-up being emaciated following their ââ¬Ëweakââ¬â¢ nat ure. As for Jessica, the situation had demoralized her and she lacks concentration in her daily operations. In addition, Milton and Milton (2004) also argue that major depressive disorder often demonstrate a feeling of self-pity and worthlessness. At work, Jessica is withdrawn and irritated in every thing that is being undertaken; this shows the dramatic change of her life in relation to the past endeavors. According to Oldham et al. (2009), major depressive disorder is characterized by impaired concentration and insomnia. People often report indecisiveness especially in the work place, and the general operations of life. Contrary, an individual who has major depression possess insomnia, and this hampers the daily productivity of the individual. Jessica his having insomnia, and she had been struggling to get some sleep for several occasions. In some instances, she has been reported to have heated argument with her mother during the night, as she is irritating with everything and lac ks sleep. It is difficult to restrain an individual who is highly depressed, as the person may lack the decisive decision making that will enable her not to realize her strategic goals and objectives. The activities of an individual with major depressive disorder will be diminishing daily, as one looses pleasure and interest of the environment. Having a low esteem in performing specific functions would always lead to lackluster in the companyââ¬â¢s success. Other factors and characteristics that show the presence of the major depressive condition, though not illustrated in Jessicaââ¬â¢s case, include feeling restlessness and dissatisfied about everything in the surrounding environment, recurring suicidal thoughts, and weight loss. The criteria for ascertaining whether an individual has major depressive disorder is that one should have at least five of these symptoms; and Jessica possess them. In psychiatry, the biopsychosocial model is the overriding paradigm use for the asse ssment and management of mental illnesses. The model acknowledges the dynamic nature of the biological, psychological and social dimensions of health and illnesses. The model enhances medical practitioners and clinicians to determine the phenomenon and the causative agent of depression. The hormonal release of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the primary mechanisms through which the brain influences the body during response to a stressor. The HPA axis is an endocrine system and involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones may take minutes or hours to act and can spread throughout the body through bloodstream, travelling much farther than most nerves in the body. INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/HPA_Axis_Diagram_%28Brian_M_Sweis_2012%29.png/350px-HPA_Axis_Diagram_%28Brian_M_Sweis_2012%29.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET With HPA axis in place, and its influence of the nerve system, psychological disorde rs are triggered. The model shows that the negative patterns of psychological assessment are determined through the whole process. Some of the psychological disorders include impairment in the emotional intelligence of an individual; problems with decision making process in the daily operations; and deficits or problems in coping with the trends in the environment. When psychological disorders are triggered, people will have problems with their emotional expression, knowledge, and perception (Milton and Milton, 2004). Jessica, being one of the victims of majorly depressive disorder, possessed these traits. The model also demonstrate that the psychological factors are also biologically influenced either in the form of individualââ¬â¢s innate temperament. Jessica was always irritated and non-sociable in the society and the daily operations in the economy. In the case of social factors, depressed individuals lack the ability to form a coherent relationship with their families and fr iends. Jessicaââ¬â¢s situation demonstrates lack of social and cordial relationship in the society. One such incident is her reaction and the argument between her and her mother during the late night phone conversation. According to Milton and Milton (2004), other social factors that may depress individuals included harassment, lacking the much-needed social support, early separation and traumatic situations experienced by an individual. Claridge and Davies (2013) postulate that social events that are stressful often trigger the stressors or genes making the brain to function different. Jessicaââ¬â¢s commitment in the organization was fruitless, and she felt traumatized due to the efforts she had subjected to her work, but with minimal results. The support from the executive management and her superiors would have guided her to achieve the much needed success and reduce the level of stress she was subjecting herself. Through this path, it is evident that a specific social str essor would trigger the physical cause of major depression. Jessica was left to attend to her demanding chores and social life, and the management and co-workers were not duly supportive. This increased her chances of being traumatized and leading a miserable life. Though actual trauma is critical and causes severity in an individualsââ¬â¢ health, social causes and environmental scenarios can be more traumatizing. Oldham et al. (2009), argue that harassment during childhood is not a significant aspect in determining the emotional characteristics of an individual and the psychological disorder that is caused by such a stressor; the case of Jessica demonstrates this scenario. Jessicaââ¬â¢s feeling of worthlessness and her inability commenced when she was an adult, and it is not associated with previous harassments. Biopsychosocial model also provides that social factors, biological, and psychological factors influence each other outcome, though they are felt independently. Depr ession is caused by numerous factors, which it may be perceived to be independent, but rather they are interdependent with one another. As one factor triggers the otherââ¬â¢s stressors, there is a possibility that a physical reaction would be evident regarding psychological or social stressor. Wi...
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Social Responsibilities And Moral Character Of Business
Social Responsibilities and Moral Character of Business Milton Friedman was a 20th century American economist who advocated free-market capitalism. In 1970 he submitted an editorial article entitled ââ¬Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profitsâ⬠to the New York Times. In the article, Friedman argues that in free market systems it is nonsensical to make corporate entities adhere to ââ¬Å"social responsibilities of businessâ⬠pushed by activists, as corporations are artificial in nature, and thus do not have any social responsibilities other than to make money for the shareholders of the company. I will argue against this paper and support the claim corporations do in-fact have moral and ethical obligations to more than just their shareholders, and that many individuals have their stakes and livelihoods embedded within the acts of corporations. As well, the idea in the article that corporations are not moral agents has led to unsavory violations of human rights across the world, failing Kantââ¬â¢s se cond formulation of the Categorical Imperative, as well as not satisfying Act Utilitarianism. Thus, corporations, and individuals within those corporations, possess considerable ability to make ethical decisions that have great impact to many people, culminating in the truth that corporations have moral status. Friedman often surrounds ideas that he feels are nonsensical with quotation marks in order to make the ideas seem out of touch with any sort of economicShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words à |à 6 Pagesrole of social responsibility in business organizations and society. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohenââ¬â¢s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. 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By examines individualââ¬â¢s values and moral compasses (text three), an actionââ¬â¢s effects on others - a form of Kantian Categorical Imperative - (text four), and the perception of the action by the public; Gill reveals the interconnected and stratified nature of the six questions - thus demonstratingRead MoreRole of Ethics and Social Responsibilty Essay1175 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility Your Name University name Instructor name Date Abstracts Ethics and social responsibility occupy an important place in human value system. Customer confidence in how business operates has been severely shaking by recent corporate scandals and collapses, such as Enron and bank failures. Hence it is important for companies to consider incorporating ethics and social responsibility into their strategic planning. 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We feel that the managerââ¬â¢s role is to act as an agent to conduct business in congruence with the goals set by the shareholders and laws of society, effectively making profit for the company. What are the different social responsibilitiesRead MoreFeldman: Businesses as Social Agents742 Words à |à 3 PagesAmerican corporations and in some, having been instrumental in their development. In this particular article he describes the focus of the current crop of business organizations on the bottom-line. He believes that outsourcing, cost-cutting and downsizing activities geared towards the bottom-line forgets the impact of an active and extensive business enterprise to society - it employs, it enhances the market, in increases buying power. Current practices shrink the market and with lower employment, theRead MoreCase Study On Business Ethics965 Words à |à 4 PagesName Institution Case Study on Business Ethics Introduction Ethics describes combination of values that guide the behavior and conduct of persons or entities. It facilitates them to distinguish between wrong and right, good and bad, what can be or should be done and what cannot and should not be done. Business contracts are lawfully binding. However, they are effectual with a robust ethical framework where parties observe and satisfy their contractual responsibilities. An efficient operative economyRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Responsibility1673 Words à |à 7 PagesThe pattern of social responsibility will be demonstrated in this paper by noting a couple inquiries encompassing the thought and routine of social responsibility. The paper will start with characterizing the idea of social responsibility and noting the accompanying inquiries: What does Cohen feel is the social responsibility of a business to its workers, stakeholders, and society as a whole? How does this perspective align with that of Drucker? How does Cohenââ¬â¢s opinion compare with that of Friedman
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
HR Problem
Question: How to improve the HR problems or give the solution of people quitting the job and impact of those problems on the company. Answer: Analysis of the Case The Employees with the Olam Vietnam Ltd.s Organization, do not seem to be happy with the overall work culture of the Organization in the broader terms. The employees in the present circumstances are neither having fat pay scales exceeding the Industry pay out averages, nor are they enjoying a vibrant an interactive work place culture. The existing separation between the working relationships of employees of different departments is making the work place of the companys employees isolated and lackluster. Some of the employees are taking advantage of the yearly bonus distribution pattern of the company; and their unhappy souls sought resignation as soon as the bonus amount is received by them. Issues of the Case Frequent employee resignations, especially from the Trading, Finance and Accounts department Employees. Activities and Procedures to arrest the Problem The incorporation of the following HR management strategies would help the Organization in arresting the overall problem of employee discomfort with the Organization: Systematic Job Evaluation for Jobs in trading, Accounts and Finance Departments It is quite possible that a single set of Employees are over burdened with work, like the Trading Department/ Finance Department employees. The Lack of equal distribution of work or the lack of work based payment method may be the root cause of the work stress between few of the employees, who end up resigning from their jobs. A systematic Job evaluation process pertaining to the job analysis of all the departments would help determine the worth of every job to another. This would enable equal work distribution and justified salary determination for each of the jobs performed by employee across the organization. Revamping the Bonus Payoff System, in to a Half Yearly cycle. The revamping of the Bonus distribution pattern in to a half yearly cycle would directly help control few of the resignations from the employees. The half yearly bonus distribution pattern would make the Yearend as no longer the best period to resign for the employees. Keeping the workplace interesting and lively for the Employees The work place interactions and effective interdepartmental communications are necessary aspects for retaining employee interest to their respective job roles. Also, a lively and interesting workplace, with continuous inter departmental interaction between the employees is beneficial for the overall organizational functioning. Inter departmental Recognition for outstanding job performance The Employees working hard for the Organization may be motivated and encouraged to work harder with the help of recognition techniques. These Human Resources management techniques of recognizing the employee efforts and contribution at work place in front of his co-workers and colleagues are very effective at times. The efforts of the employees of Olam Vietnam Ltd. if recognized in front of the other department employees may do wonders in self motivating the employees, who may start liking their assigned job roles. Conclusion The rising attrition rate with the Olam Vietnam Ltd.s Organization can be controlled and arrested through implementation of the above discussed HR strategies. The employees of the organization need to see the big picture of the business of the organization and for that purpose, interdepartmental communication should be highly encouraged in the organization. References Johnason, P. ,2009, HRM in changing organizational contexts, In D. G. Collings G. Wood (Eds.), Human resource management: A critical approach (pp. 19-37), London: Routledge Ulrich Dave, 1996, Human Resource Champions. The next agenda for adding value and delivering results, Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Water Cycle free essay sample
According to website, ââ¬Å"about 70 percent of the Earths surface is water-covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earths waterâ⬠http://ga.water.usgs.gov. ââ¬Å"It circulates in the atmosphere keeping a delicate balance of temperature and sustaining life on the planet. The process of the cycle of water from the oceans to the mountains and back to the oceans again is caused by solar radiation. The process is made up of a few processes that work together; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, evaporate-transpiration and infiltrationâ⬠http://thehankwilliamsmuseum.com. The Water Cycle, also known as hydrologic cycle, is a process that is constantly recycling the Earths supply of water. This is very important because humans, animals, and plants all need water to stay alive. Like my picture above it shows how the water cycle moves from one place to the next. The water is controlled by the sun, which produces energy in the form of heat. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This heat energy causes the water in the worlds oceans and lakes to warm and evaporate. As the water is heated, it changes its phase from liquid to gas. This gas is called water vapor and this process is called evaporation. When plants give off water vapor, itââ¬â¢s called transpiration. When water evaporates, it rises into the cooler air, collects, and forms clouds. There, the water vapor molecules cool down and change back into liquid water. This is called condensation. As more and more water vapor cools into the clouds, the water droplets that form the clouds become larger and larger. When the swirling winds in the atmosphere can no longer hold them up, the droplets fall from the sky and precipitation is the term for the falling, condensed water molecules, which come down as rain, snow, sleet, or hail depending on conditions in the atmosphere. When water falls to the Earth, the water seeps into the soil because of the force of gravity. This seeping is called infiltration. Then the water flows over the land and into bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes.
Sunday, March 15, 2020
The Third Punic War and Carthago Delenda Est
The Third Punic War and Carthago Delenda Est By the end of the Second Punic War (the war where Hannibal and his elephants crossed the Alps), Roma (Rome) so hated Carthage that she wanted to destroy the north African urban center. The story is told that when the Romans finally got to take revenge, after they won the Third Punic War, they salted the fields so the Carthaginians could no longer live there. This is an example of urbicide.Ã Carthago Delenda Est! By 201 B.C., the end of the Second Punic War, Carthage no longer had its empire, but it was still a shrewd trading nation. By the middle of the second century, Carthage was thriving and it was hurting the trade of those Romans who had investments in North Africa. Marcus Cato, a respected Roman senator, began to clamor Carthago delenda est! Carthage must be destroyed! Carthage Breaks the Peace Treaty Meanwhile, African tribes neighboring Carthage knew that according to the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome that had concluded the Second Punic War, if Carthage overstepped the line drawn in the sand, Rome would interpret the move as an act of aggression. This offered daring African neighbors some impunity. These neighbors took advantage of this reason to feel secure and made hasty raids into the Carthaginian territory, knowing their victims couldnt pursue them. Eventually, Carthage became fed up. In 149 B.C., Carthage got back into armor and went after the Numidians. Rome declared war on the grounds that Carthage had broken the treaty. Although Carthage didnt stand a chance, the war was drawn out for three years. Eventually, a descendant of Scipio Africanus, Scipio Aemilianus, defeated the starved citizens of the besieged city of Carthage. After killing or selling all the inhabitants into slavery, the Romans razed (possibly salting the land) and burned the city. No one was allowed to live there. Carthage had been destroyed: Catos chant had been carried out. Primary Sources on the Third Punic War Polybius 2.1, 13, 36; 3.6-15, 17, 20-35, 39-56; 4.37. Livy 21. 1-21.Dio Cassius 12.48, 13.Diodorus Siculus 24.1-16.
Thursday, February 27, 2020
PHIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
PHIL - Essay Example The contentious documentary entitled ââ¬Å"The Bridgeâ⬠featured the well-known Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. According to The Bridge, ââ¬Å"the mythic beauty of the Golden Gate Bridge, the most popular suicide destination in the world, and the unfortunate souls drawn by its siren callâ⬠(Morrow, 2006). This controversial documentary documented how 24 people in year 2004 chose to commit suicide and die at the Golden Gate Bridge (Morrow, 2006). According to Fimrite (1998), a staff writer of the Chronicle, the Golden Bridge is the ââ¬Å"No. 1 suicide landmark in the world.â⬠Another famous bridge is the Coronado Bridge in San Diego, considered to be a suicide magnet too (Dotinga, 2009). Dotinga (2009) stated that Coronado Bridge is ââ¬Å"one of the highest suicide tolls of any bridge in North America, almost certainly placing it in the top five.â⬠Sunshine Skyway of St. Petersburg was also identified as the ââ¬Å"nations fourth-most-frequent suicide brid geâ⬠(Morales, 2011). Bridges are therefore considered to be sure, swift, clean and accessible method of committing suicide. The alarming cases of suicides committed in Golden Gate Bridge, Sunshine Skyway and Coronado Bridge are the proofs that commission of suicide in bridges is already common especially among the youth. In order for this situation and fact to be addressed, the engineers who build and design bridges should therefore take good consideration of the fact sheet of the country. Before they design and build bridges they should know the possible effects of their decisions. In cases like the Golden Gate Bridge, Coronado and Sunshine Skyway, what engineers could possibly do is to put barriers and or any devices that would surely prevent people commit suicide. It can be said that suicide is way out of the hands of the designers or engineers who build the bridges, but in the end, they can be considered partly responsible of the effects of the bridges they built. If the
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
Initiating an Assessment Plan for a Research University Assignment
Initiating an Assessment Plan for a Research University - Assignment Example The first stage of assessment is to identify the objectives of program and select the goals of higher education that need to be assessed. Several universities which have expressed concerns on the decline of learning in higher education needs to carry out assessment programs to find the areas which have lacked vision and efforts in the educational process and also to undertake appropriate strategies in order to address the fall of higher education and learning among the students. This requires the academic institution to carry out collection programs for gathering useful data and information that are to be further analyzed. The analysis of the prevailing learning techniques, response of the students, level of interest of the students, efficiency of the teachers and eventual success of learning process would provide useful insight to the academic leaders to bring about necessary changes in the learning process in higher education (OIRA, 2013, p.1). ... The decline in higher education could be attributed to a large number of factors which include the rising cost of higher education, the increase in debt of the students as well as the universities and the decline in the quality of pedagogy and the students who participate in the higher education process of learning in various subjects. The steep rise in the tuition fees of the universities have resulted in the reduction of interest level among the students due to lack of affordability. The cost of the universities for each and every student has risen five times as compared to the inflation rate since 1983. This has resulted in the shortage of funds in the university for which the universities has to incur debt as well as raise the fees for every student. The raised university fees have resulted in the decrease of affordability of the students for pursuing higher education. Almost 66% of the graduates undertake education loans for pursuing a degree for higher education. The decline in affordability among the students to pursue higher education has resulted into huge section of bright quality students to move away from the learning process of higher education and instead pursue employment opportunities. The fall in the ability of the universities to pay salaries to the high quality professors and teaching faculties as fresh recruits for future have resulted in the fall of pedagogy of the universities. Apart from this, there have been several issues of lack of accountability and not participating in the learning process in accordance to the roles and responsibilities. These are the several areas of concern that have been faced by the universities which resulted in
Friday, January 31, 2020
Feminism and Homosexuality in Theater Essay Example for Free
Feminism and Homosexuality in Theater Essay Feminism in theater has a very close relationship with the depiction of homosexuality onstage. Playwrights and performance artists who advocate feminism have seen theater as a powerful tool to make the public understand their views. The work of artists such as Lillian Hellman, Holly Hughes, and Anna Deavere Smith shape the discussion of feminism and homosexuality in the theater. Lillian Hellman was a playwright whoââ¬â¢s known for plays that discussed the psychological and social manifestations of evil. Her work was revolutionary because she created strong female characters at a time when men ruled American theater. On the subject of homosexuality, Hellmanââ¬â¢s most relevant work was ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hourâ⬠(Champion and Nelson 156). While ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hourâ⬠sends a powerful message on the topic of homosexuality, Hellman herself wasnââ¬â¢t a homosexual and her work may have reflected her attitude toward the subject. Hellman described the play to a reporter as ââ¬Å"not really a play about lesbianism, but a lie (Griffin and Thorsten 27). â⬠According to Hellman, the bigger the lie, the better it gets. ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hour,â⬠which opened on Broadway on November 20, 1934, painted a grim but clear depiction of Hellmanââ¬â¢s view. ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hourâ⬠is about the lives of two young women who opened a school for girls. Eventually, their lives are gradually ruined when one of the students accuses them of lesbianism. The characters of Martha Dobie and Karen Wright were realistically rendered by Hellman, resulting in a Broadway hit that would have 691 performances. This was a milestone of an achievement since America at the time was very conservative and homosexuality was a taboo subject (Griffin and Thorsten 27). Homosexuality was so taboo a subject in the Western world that the play was banned in Chicago, Boston, and London. While the play earned critical success in France and New York, it wasnââ¬â¢t awarded the Pulitzer Prize for drama in 1935 because the subject matter was still thought to be too sensitive at the time. Critics from New York however, protested the refusal of conservative bodies in the theater industry by forming the Drama Criticsââ¬â¢ Circle. The organization has since then presented its own awards for plays they thought were relevant to art and society (Griffin and Thorsten 27). Hellmanââ¬â¢s guardedness toward the issue of homosexuality is reflected on the playââ¬â¢s morality, which though clearly controversial and shocking at the time, was nevertheless morally acceptable to the majority of audiences. One glaring example of this is the fact that in the play, the accusation that Martha Dobie and Karen Wright were engaged in a lesbian relationship was simply a lie. An archetypal malicious teenager named Mary Tilford who studied in the school for girls fabricated the story. In fact, Karen was engaged to Dr. Joe Cardin, whom she really loved. Martha may have really been a lesbian in the story, but fearing for her sexuality, she committed suicide after revealing her thoughts and feelings to Karen (Griffin and Thorsten 28). Despite her sensational plays often associated with left-wing politics and feminism, Hellman considered herself largely a ââ¬Å"moral writer. â⬠The issue of homosexuality was primarily just a tool in the story to illustrate Hellmanââ¬â¢s view that good people sometimes bring about harm because of their unwillingness to challenge evil. Karen was clearly painted in the play as a heterosexual and Martha seemed to have paid for her crime (homosexuality) with her life. Aside from reaffirming the norms of American society at the time, the play also apparently satisfied the morality of the conservative audience (Griffin and Thorsten 28). ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hourâ⬠may have shied away from directly defending homosexuality, but it nevertheless showed the gradual opening of society to the broader roles of women. Martha and Karen were women who earned their own money, thus sending a message that they were independent and had some sort of power to satisfy their desires. These female characters were different from another of Hellmanââ¬â¢s characters named Regina in ââ¬Å"The Little Foxes. â⬠While Regina depended on othersââ¬â¢ money and the things she got from her manipulation of men, Martha and Karen had the education and administrative skills which led to the success of the all girlsââ¬â¢ school they founded. Joe, Karenââ¬â¢s partner, also symbolized the growing number of egalitarian men at the time. He was very supportive of his partnerââ¬â¢s wish to continue her career after their marriage and he also respected her dedication to the school she co-founded. He even defended Karen and Martha to his aunt after Maryââ¬â¢s mother convinced other parents to take their children out of the school because of the lesbianism charge (Griffin and Thorsten 28). In effect, while the play was hesitant to probe the reality of homosexuality more deeply, it did affirm in the audienceââ¬â¢s mind the expanding role and power of women in society. Hellman might have been too guarded about lesbianism, but performance artist Holly Hughes was definitely vocal about her views about homosexuality and homosexual relationships. Hughes was an openly homosexual performance artist and writer of various plays and books that center on the topic of homosexuality. Her work has both been debated and celebrated by artists and intellectuals. The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) refused to fund Hughesââ¬â¢ work in the summer of 1990 because of its sensitive subject matter, which resulted in a fierce debate and controversy in the world of performance art. One of Hughesââ¬â¢ most controversial pieces is a play entitled ââ¬Å"Well of Horniness. â⬠Lynda Hart, Assistant Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, wrote that the ââ¬Å"Well of Horninessâ⬠is both ââ¬Å"transgressive and aggressiveâ⬠because it dismantles the audienceââ¬â¢s preconceived notions about lesbian homosexuality. The play is loosely based on a classic novel about lesbian homosexuality written by Radclyffe Hall. Hughesââ¬â¢ play became very successful and eventually inspired two sequels: ââ¬Å"Part II: Victim Victoriaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Part III: In the Realm of the Senseless (Hart and Phelan 60-61). â⬠The play is mostly representational, with the plot repeatedly interrupted by mock commercials and commentaries (Hart and Phelan 60-61). The memorable characters of ââ¬Å"Well of Horninessâ⬠include Georgette, Rod, and Vicki. Georgette is Rodââ¬â¢s sister and Vicki is Rodââ¬â¢s fiancee. Vicki and Georgette are members of a sorority called Tridelta Tribads. Georgette meets Rod and Vicki at a restaurant, and Georgette soon recognizes Vicki as someone she knows from her past sorority. Vicki instantly desires Georgette and stares at her longingly. While dining at the restaurant, Vicki drops her fork underneath the table. As she goes down to pick it up, sheââ¬â¢s drawn instead to Georgetteââ¬â¢s legs, which Hughes writes, were ââ¬Å"two succulent rainbows leading to the same pot of gold (Hart and Phelan 61-62). â⬠The aggressive affirmation of homosexual reality masked in comedy is performed in the play as Vicki continues to give Georgette cunnilingus while Rod delivers a monologue on honeymoon getaways. In productions of the play at East Village, Manhattan, this scene is performed explicitly with Georgette in a comedic manner to Vicki underneath the table. Vicki then gets up and says sheââ¬â¢s feeling ââ¬Å"a little too hotâ⬠and goes to the bathroom (Hart and Phelan 62). Rod tells Georgette that he senses ââ¬Å"something fishyâ⬠but he canââ¬â¢t ââ¬Å"put his fingerâ⬠on it (Hart and Phelan 62). Georgette then replies, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m working on it. â⬠The comedic conversation happens in the context of a play that is filled with references to fish, eager beavers, muff-divers, and other terms associated with lesbianism (Hart and Phelan 62). In contrast to ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hourâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Well of Horninessâ⬠certainly drives home its message on homosexuality in a more direct, striking manner. Hughesââ¬â¢ play doesnââ¬â¢t hide behind other issues or concerns such as the ââ¬Å"lieâ⬠or ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠in Hellmanââ¬â¢s play, and instead hits audiences with the reality of homosexuality right away. It is this controversial nature of Hughes work that has made her notorious for conservative critics and even lesbians and other homosexuals who review her work. Hart though, thinks that Hughesââ¬â¢ play effectively challenges heterosexual hegemony. Its borderline messages and controversial nature opens up a ââ¬Å"hopeful new space of visibilityâ⬠for feminism and its supporters (Hart and Phelan 62). The popular scene from ââ¬Å"Well of Horninessâ⬠is even more notable because it shatters lesbian stereotypes. Lesbians at the time were thought of as homosexuals who generally assumed male identities. Vicki though, was already engaged to Rod and yet still desired other women. Vickiââ¬â¢s performance of oral sex for Georgette in close proximity to her fiance destroys any notions the audiences might have regarding lesbianism and the sexuality of women. Since the play is representational, Rodââ¬â¢s character mainly stands for heterosexual hegemony, which explains why the character is named ââ¬Å"Rodâ⬠to refer to male phallic symbol. Hughes shows that homosexual realities are happening throughout society despite the blind functioning of heterosexual institutions, such as marriage, as the play points out. Unlike Hellman, Hughes seems more concerned with homosexuality than feminism, although the empowerment of women might also be addressed by her aggressive plays. Through the clear depiction of women as freely desiring beings, Hughes is able to free women from societal stereotypes. ââ¬Å"Womenâ⬠isnââ¬â¢t a category of human beings who can only desire men. Instead, itââ¬â¢s a fuzzy category that mostly refers to female human beings who may desire any sex and express that desire in different ways. Overarching Hellman and Hughesââ¬â¢ work may be the amazing work of Anna Deavere Smith, performance artist, playwright, writer, and professor. Smith has received numerous awards and is widely known for her performances which have her assuming the identities of more than twenty people. Smith employs few props, such as chairs and tables to differentiate identities in her performances. All the identities she plays are real people who are interviewed beforehand about a social issue. The result of her lengthy monologues is a stunning commentary on the differences that fracture a community. One of Smithââ¬â¢s most popular acts is called ââ¬Å"On the Road,â⬠which she has been performing since 1982. In one of her performances, Smith interviewed twenty-five men and women from Princeton University on subjects such as the universityââ¬â¢s eating clubs which are exclusive to men, assault against women, and the condition of black students among others. The fifty-minute dialogue that results from this research entertains and delights audiences at the same time. Smith usually invites her subjects to attend her performances and their reaction is usually positive. Many of them even laugh out loud when they recognize their own selves in the numerous identities performed. Some of them though, get unsettled when they see their views juxtaposed with others from the community (Hart and Phelan 35). This unsettling of the self may be one of the main goals of Smith in structuring her acts through such a unique manner. According to Smith, her goal is ââ¬Å"to find American character in the ways that people speak (Cohen-Cruz 148). â⬠She said that the spirit, imagination, and the challenges of the time can then be captured by inhabiting the words of the people in the community. Unlike other actors who try to project realistic characters on the stage, Smithââ¬â¢s emphasis is more on the filtering of the self through a single actor. She doesnââ¬â¢t assume that she has all the experiences of her subjects, but that she can learn many things from these experiences (Cohen-Cruz 148). Feminism has been one of the subjects of Smithââ¬â¢s performances for a very long time. In one Princeton performance entitled ââ¬Å"Gender Bending,â⬠Smith reminisced how women from Seven Sisters colleges had been imported to Princeton throughout history to provide weekend entertainment for members of fraternities. Feminist definitions of the body, the AIDS crisis, and modern literary representations of homosexuality are also discussed in the show. Smith tackled all these issues by impersonating the subjects she interviewed and playing them onstage (Hart and Phelan 37). In a way, Smithââ¬â¢s work is closer to reality than both Hellman and Hughesââ¬â¢ work because it merely projects the voice of real people onstage. What makes Smithââ¬â¢s performance more striking though than a simple video recording of interviews is that only one face speaks for all of the subjects. Through this technique, Smith is able to erase the immediate symbols of color, gender, and other characteristics of her subjects. Without the physical characteristics that differentiate one subject from another, audiences are forced to consider each subjectââ¬â¢s view as a part of a unity that is the community. Stereotypes are then magnified as audiences realize that differences are oftentimes imaginary and unjust. Instead of masking the call for the empowerment of women through discussions about ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠such as what Hellman did, or aggressively attacking the audience with controversial representations of lesbians such as what Hughes demonstrated, Smith is able to give voice to real women by simply putting their views side by side with others from the community. Smith puts real context in her performances, which makes the issue more immediate to viewers. Her acts send the message that gender discrimination is really happening right now and many people are unconsciously participating in it. They call for an immediate response to pressing social issues while entertaining audiences at the same time. For ordinary citizens, norms in society are always difficult to challenge, let alone break. Revolutionary works by Hellman, Hughes, and Smith are very valuable in that they help people to cross the bridge, so they can see the other side. While some audiences may dislike the oftentimes crude and vulgar images in their work, their act of watching alone is enough to gradually bend the norms of society. Norms always have to be challenged so that societyââ¬â¢s morality and humanity doesnââ¬â¢t remain oppressively stagnant. Once taboo subjects are discussed, they cease to haunt the people concerned and become an issue for everyone. As modernity pushes people to think more about the effects of gender on society and the self, feminism and homosexuality will continue to be relevant topics in theater and other forms of art in the future. Hellman, Hughes, and Smithââ¬â¢s work will also continue to shape the discussions on these topics. These three brilliant writers represent different sides of the spectrum and their work should be read by anyone interested in exploring the relationship between feminism, homosexuality and theater arts. Works Cited Champion, Laurie and Emmanuel Sampath Nelson. American Women Writers, 1900-1945: a Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Cohen-Cruz, Jan. Local Acts: Community-based Performance in the United States. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005. Griffin, Alice and Geraldine Thorsten. Understanding Lillian Herman. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999. Hart, Lynda and Peggy Phelan. Acting Out: Feminist Performances. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
Thursday, January 23, 2020
religious policies of England and France from 1603 to 1715 :: essays research papers
Describe the religious policies of England and France from 1603 to 1715. Why do you think rulers feared religious toleration so much? When discussing why the rulers feared religious toleration and how their fears affected what religious policies were enforced, one must first look at what events transpired through the years to get a full understanding of the word ââ¬Å"stubbornness.â⬠During the early years, the English church was dividing into a conservative camp that wanted to retain the religious ceremonies and the hierarchy of the church and a radical, Calvinist camp called Puritans who wanted to "purify" the church of everything not contained in the Old and New Testaments. The Puritans demanded that the English church abandon the elaborate ceremonies and flatten the hierarchy of the church into something more closely resembling the voluntary associations of the Calvinist church. King James, however, would have none of the Puritan argument and declared, in 1604, that he was fully in the camp of the religious conservatives. This division between the monarch and the Puritans, which would be continu ed by his son, Charles I, lit the fire that ignited the English Civil War. Charles sided with the religious conservatives against the more radical Puritans. The archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, was particularly hostile to the Puritans' complaints and Charles allowed him to freely take any measures to stifle their dissent. In 1633, Charles forbade Puritans from publishing or preaching, and in 1637, they tried to bring Scotland under the fold of the English church. The Scots had, for a long time, a Calvinist church based on a flattened hierarchy and the purification of the religion of all non-Biblical practices. The imposition of the English church--which included the English prayerbook, church hierarchy, and rituals and sacraments that were derived from Catholic ceremony--was too much for the Scots to take. So they rebelled. The English Civil War started as a conflict between Parliament and Charles over constitutional issues; it fired its way to its conclusion through the growing religious division in England. The monarch was supported by the aristocracy, landowners, and by the adherents of the Anglican "high church," which retained the ceremonies and hierarchy so despised by the Puritans. The Parliamentary cause was supported by the middle class, the Puritans, and the radical Protestants. The king's forces roundly beat the Parliamentary forces for almost two years and the Parliamentary cause seemed all but lost. In 1642, however, Parliament reorganized its army under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, who was a landowner and, in religious matters, an Independent. religious policies of England and France from 1603 to 1715 :: essays research papers Describe the religious policies of England and France from 1603 to 1715. Why do you think rulers feared religious toleration so much? When discussing why the rulers feared religious toleration and how their fears affected what religious policies were enforced, one must first look at what events transpired through the years to get a full understanding of the word ââ¬Å"stubbornness.â⬠During the early years, the English church was dividing into a conservative camp that wanted to retain the religious ceremonies and the hierarchy of the church and a radical, Calvinist camp called Puritans who wanted to "purify" the church of everything not contained in the Old and New Testaments. The Puritans demanded that the English church abandon the elaborate ceremonies and flatten the hierarchy of the church into something more closely resembling the voluntary associations of the Calvinist church. King James, however, would have none of the Puritan argument and declared, in 1604, that he was fully in the camp of the religious conservatives. This division between the monarch and the Puritans, which would be continu ed by his son, Charles I, lit the fire that ignited the English Civil War. Charles sided with the religious conservatives against the more radical Puritans. The archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, was particularly hostile to the Puritans' complaints and Charles allowed him to freely take any measures to stifle their dissent. In 1633, Charles forbade Puritans from publishing or preaching, and in 1637, they tried to bring Scotland under the fold of the English church. The Scots had, for a long time, a Calvinist church based on a flattened hierarchy and the purification of the religion of all non-Biblical practices. The imposition of the English church--which included the English prayerbook, church hierarchy, and rituals and sacraments that were derived from Catholic ceremony--was too much for the Scots to take. So they rebelled. The English Civil War started as a conflict between Parliament and Charles over constitutional issues; it fired its way to its conclusion through the growing religious division in England. The monarch was supported by the aristocracy, landowners, and by the adherents of the Anglican "high church," which retained the ceremonies and hierarchy so despised by the Puritans. The Parliamentary cause was supported by the middle class, the Puritans, and the radical Protestants. The king's forces roundly beat the Parliamentary forces for almost two years and the Parliamentary cause seemed all but lost. In 1642, however, Parliament reorganized its army under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, who was a landowner and, in religious matters, an Independent.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essay
Marijuana is perhaps one of the most controversial herbs rendered illegal by United States laws. Several sectors in the society advocate for the legalization of marijuana. These arguments usually point out to the medical benefits that marijuana contains. The supposed medical benefits of marijuana have been scrutinized by several scientific researchers and some of these claims have been supported by studies. By looking objectively at these medical claims can help people be more aware of the facts and the actual benefits that marijuana offers if there are any. Medical Benefits of Marijuana Medical marijuana, according to some studies can help relieve pain, nausea and muscle spasms. Although these illnesses may be simple symptoms of more serious diseases, they are being experienced by a number of patients that are suffering from hepatitis and cancer among others. In this regard, medical marijuana can be a cheaper alternative for the treatment of these medical conditions (Legal Reefer, 2004). Another medical condition that marijuana can help treat is glaucoma, which impairs the vision because of intra-ocular pressure damage. The reason behind this is that marijuana helps relieve the pressure felt in the eyes, thereby preventing glaucoma from worsening and leading to eventual blindness. Glaucoma, interestingly, is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. With the use of marijuana, therefore, this cause of blindness can be mitigated and more people can cherish their sight for a longer time in their lives. Glaucoma and the pain associated with it can be relieved with marijuana (Legal Reefer, 2004). Other illnesses that marijuana helps treat includes tremors, unsteady gait, muscle pain, multiple sclerosis and spasms. Multiple sclerosis is one of the most debilitating neurological illnesses that afflict young adults in the US. With the help of marijuana, those who are suffering from epileptic seizures also find help. Arthritis, dysmenorrheal, depression and migraines also benefit from treatment with marijuana. The Legal Reefer (2004) reports that some courts and agencies of the US government have verified these findings. Two compounds, Cannabidiol and Caryophyllene, are present in medical marijuana. These two compounds are responsible for the medical effects of marijuana. Cannabidiol helps relieve inflammation, nausea, inflammation and convulsion (Grlie, 1976). In addition, it also helps inhibit the growth of cancer. Caryophyllene, on the other hand, is responsible for reducing tissue inflammation. It usually comes in the form of oil and applied on the inflamed body part (Grlie, 1976). Even if the issue of legalizing marijuana is contentious in the United States, medical practitioners are coming to a consensus that medical marijuana is needed helpful in relieving up to 250 medical conditions. This number is too huge to be ignored by the greater majority in the society. Legalizing Marijuana The literature in support of medical marijuana is robust and continues to grow. Medical marijuana has been shown to aid in the treatment of symptoms for AIDS and cancer. It can also serve as an immuno-modulator and analsgesic. Furthermore, it can help treat asthma and other emotional and bipolar disorders (Lucido, 2008). The American College of Physicians (2008) have also come up with a position paper in support of research concerning medical marijuana and the exemption of medical marijuana from the prosecution of the law. In their paper, the organization cited the health benefits of marijuana in stimulating appetite, in treating glaucoma, neurological and movement disorders and its use as an analgesic. The position of the ACP gives credence to the claims that marijuana can really function as a good medicine. The ACP, however, noted that there are adverse effects associated in marijuana. If smoked, marijuana can increase the heart rate of the user and help decrease the blood pressure. In addition to this, there are other psychoactive effects that are of a more serious nature. These may be manifested in short-term memory impairment, reduction of motor skills, attention and reaction times. There may also be some difficulties in organizing and processing information given to the one who used marijuana. These effects are more severe for those who orally take medical marijuana. So this is certainly an adverse effect that should be carefully taken into account in the case that marijuana is approved as a medicine (Joy, Watson & Benson, 1999). Smoked marijuana also has important adverse effects similar to tobacco. If marijuana is smoked on a regular basis, it can help induce cancer, lung problems, pregnancy problems and even bacterial pneumonia. When taken orally, medical marijuana has less lethal toxicity than other psychoactive drugs being used in the world today. Since medical marijuana will not be prescribed for smoking, then the dangers posed by the adverse effects will be mitigated and will be contained. In fact, these adverse effects are also within the acceptable range of effects present in other forms of medication. Marijuana: To Legalize or to Remain Illegal? With the support of the ACP for the continuation of research for the medical implications of marijuana. With such support, the impetus for legalization will be picked up by those who are advocating for the legalization of marijuana. Another reason why people are pushing for the legalization of marijuana is the perceived economic benefits that it will bring to the government. Marijuana has often been compared with alcohol, which also have harmful contents but is being allowed to be marketed all over the country. If the government could legalize it, then it can derive huge revenues from the taxes and sales derived from marijuana. As it stands now, it is illegal. So the ones who benefit from the marijuana trade are the black market and organized criminals (Gerber & Sperling, 2004). Marijuana is similar to alcohol and tobacco. The major difference is that marijuana offers therapeutic and medicinal effects while tobacco does not and alcohol only helps enhance health minimally. According to Herer and Cabarga (1998), those who are getting rich through the black market want it to remain illegal because if it becomes legal, the money will then have to be transferred to the hands of the government. Conclusion What is needed now is to strike the right balance between maximizing the medicinal effects while mitigating the negative effects of marijuana. The answer to the question of legalization would be a controlled legalization. Marijuana could be used for medicinal purposes and alternative treatment. This means that it would have to be recommended by licensed physicians and that there should be a regulation in using it in the same way that certain narcotic pain killers are regulated in the market. Marijuana should not be offered as an over-the-counter medicine or offered like tobacco or alcohol as this would only make the negative effects of marijuana more prevalent in the society. With government legislation and strict implementation of the law, the medicinal values of marijuana would be used by society while its negative effects would be avoided. Reference American College of Physicians (2008). Supporting Research into the Therapeutic Role of Marijuana. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians. Retrieved 25 September 2008 from http://www. acponline. org/advocacy/where_we_stand/other_issues/medmarijuana. pdf. Grlie, L (1976). ââ¬Å"A comparative study on some chemical and biological characteristics of various samples of cannabis resinâ⬠. Bulletin on Narcotics 14: 37ââ¬â46. Herer, J. & Cabarga, L. (1998). The Emperor Wears No Clothes: Hemp and the Marijuana Conspiracy. New Jersey: Ah Ha Publishing. Joy, J. E. Watson SJ, Benson JA. (1999). Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC. Legal Reefer. (2004). Marijuana Offers Medicinal Benefits. Retrieved 17 June 2008 from http://www. legalreefer. com/article4. shtml Lucido, F. (2008). Therapeutic Effects. Retrieved 25 September 2008 from http://www. medboardwatch. com/wb/pages/therapeutic-effects. php
Monday, January 6, 2020
Religion Essay - 1637 Words
Religion is intricately intertwined with various aspects in the socio-cultural arena, that the above three factors are always present in the shaping of an individualââ¬â¢s religious identity. Ethnic differences; according to the Social Identity Theory, emerge when individuals of ethnic minority groups feel threatened in terms of identity, thus reasons for their emphasis on their social identities as a means of maintaining positive self-conception. Gender differences may impact on oneââ¬â¢s religious identity; this being exemplified through the characteristic participation of the female gender in religious activities and in their expression of religion as being an important aspect of their lives, this being in relation to their male counterpartsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The work ââ¬Å"Sitt Maria Roseâ⬠by Etel Adnan is set before and during the Lebanese Civil War of 1975-1990. Publication was done in France in 1978, after an Arabic translation done one year earlier. I t was based on the life of Maria Rose Boulos, who was executed by a Christian militia during the conflict, defines in breadth the various aspects of Lebanese culture, and even on social issues such as xenophobia and womenââ¬â¢s role in society. Historically the French Mandate (1943) ended Franceââ¬â¢s political influence in Lebanon, but the influences brought by Western culture helped create a Lebanon characterized by diversity. The major themes, as put by Adnan, are based on contrasts between the Western and Eastern influences on Beirut. The role of the Lebanese women, within their social context, is paid particular attention especially in the latter half of the work, in the form of a dramatization of the death of Maria Rose Boulos. She was an immigrant from Syria who taught deaf and mute children and contributed to the organization of social services for Palestinian camps (Adnan 17). It is based on two timeframes, the pre-war era, with Mounirââ¬â¢s desire to make a movie on Syrian immigrant working in Lebanon. It is during this era that violence, asShow MoreRelatedReligion, Religion And Religion1189 Words à |à 5 PagesReligion is a concept that is passed down from generation to generation. Thankfully, because someone decided to write the religious values down, same of religions core concepts havenââ¬â¢t changed much. But people typically donââ¬â¢t learn their religion by growing up and finding a bible or Quran and reading it. People form religious identities from their culture and how a person is shaped by the world. Religion will forever refuse to die because it gives people a purpose in this world. The people thatRead MoreReligion : Religion And Religion Essay1496 Words à |à 6 PagesReligion. Whenever I hear people talking about that word, I draw a blank. 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